ABC
ANALYSIS
Methodology
used to classify the items purchased or sold by a company. The ABC analysis is
an application of the Pareto Principle (or 20/80 rule) according to which 20% of
the items account for 80% of the global value or turnover of an
enterprise.
ACCESSIBILITY
Whole
of possibilities to access a transportation network.
ACCOMPANIED
COMBINED TRANSPORT
Transport of a complete
road vehicle, accompanied by the driver, using another mode of transport (for
example ferry or train).
ACTIVITY BASED
COSTING (ABC)
A method of measuring the
cost and performance of activities and cost objects. Assigns cost to activities
based on their use of resources and assigns cost to cost objects based on their
use of activities. ABC recognizes the causal relationship of cost drivers to
activities
.
ADVANCED PLANNING
& SCHEDULING (APS).
A
subcomponent of supply chain planning, typically contextually describing
manufacturing planning and scheduling.
AIR
CARGO
Total
volume of freight, mail and express traffic transported by air. Includes the
following: Freight and Express-commodities of all kinds, includes small package
counter services, express services and priority reserved
freight.
AIR CONTAINER
Container conforming to
standards laid down for air transportation.
AIRPORT
1) An area
of land or water that is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff
of aircraft, and includes its buildings and facilities, if any; 2) Facility used
primarily by conventional, fixed-wing aircraft; 3) A facility, either on land or
water, where aircraft can take off and land. Usually consists of hard-surfaced
landing strips, a control tower, hangars and accommodations for passengers and
cargo; 4) A landing area regularly used by aircraft for receiving discharging
passengers or cargo.
AIRTRUCK
Road
transport of air unitised cargoes from an airoport to another one.
AIR WAY BILL
(A.W.B.)
Shipping document used by
the airlines for air freight. It is a contract for carriage that includes
carrier conditions of carriage including such items as limits of liability and
claims procedures. The air waybill also contains shipping instructions to
airline, a description of the commodity, and applicable transportation charges.
Air waybills can be used by many truckers as through documents for coordinated
air/truck service. Air waybills are not negotiable. The airline industry has
adopted a standard formatted air waybill that accommodates both domestic and
international traffic. The standard document was designed to enhance the
application of modern computerized systems to air freight processing for both
the carrier and the shipper.
ALGORITHM
A procedure or formula for solving a problem. The word derives from the name of the mathematician, Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khwarizmi, who was part of the royal court in Baghdad and who lived from about 780 to 850. Al-Khwarizmi's work is the likely source for the word algebra as well.
ALLOCATING
COSTS
The process of assigning
costs to individual products, processes and
departments.
ALLOCATIVE
EFFICIENCY
The situation in which all
the resources in an economy are fully and efficiently
employed.
ANCHORAGE
DUES
Rights of anchorage.
An equal, or uniform,
payment made over the useful life of a project, which has the same present value
as the initial investment expenditure. The annual capital cost of an asset
essentially reflects the opportunity cost to the investor of owning the
asset.
APPLICATION SERVICE
PROVIDER (ASP)
An application service provider (ASP) is a company that offers individuals or enterprises access over the Internet to applications and related services that would otherwise have to be located in their own personal or enterprise computers.
The process of defining
objectives, examining options and weighing up the costs and benefits and risks
and uncertainties before a decision is made.
APPROVAL
The
process through which a project is recommended for support.
ARTICULATED
TRUCK
A vehicle consisting of a
prime mover having no significant load carrying area but with a turn-table
device which can be linked to a trailer.
ASSEMBLE TO ORDER
(ATO)
A manufacturing environment
where the final product is assembled based on the receipt of a customer order
(instead of to stock). The assembly is normally performed using standard
components, modules and subassemblies that are already stocked based on
forecasts developed from past usage history. An ATO environment allows each
customer order to specify a custom combination of previously-defined standard
options.
ATA
Air
Transport Association of America.
AUCTION
A method of
selling real estate or personal property in a public forum through open and
competitive bidding. Also referred to as: public auction, auction sale or
sale.
AUTOPORT
Terminal
infrastructure for road transport.
AVERAGE
COST
The total cost of supplying
a given output, divided by the number of units of output delivered in a given
period of time. Where there are multiple outputs, the issue of adding them up
has to be addressed (see joint costs).
AVOIDED
COSTS
The value of any savings in
labour, energy or materials inputs, relative to the base case, resulting from
operating the project.
AVERAGE
DISTANCE
Average kilometric value
turning out by the ratio of Passengers-km (or Tons-km) to number of passengers
(or tons) transported.
B/N
Maritime transport booking
note.
BACK-END
SYSTEMS
Legacy
enterprise systems that handle order processing, inventory, and receivables
management for both buyers and suppliers. To deploy a digital trading platform,
companies must often integrate new technologies with these older systems, which
can include mainframe or ERP applications.
BACKHAUL
Return
transportation movement, usually at less revenue than the original move; to move
a shipment back over part of a route already travelled.
BALANCE
The
amount of money (or the size of the deficit) in an account at a particular time;
an amount of money remaining to be paid.
BALANCE OF
TRADE
The
difference between a country's total imports and exports; if the exports exceed
the imports, a "favorable" balance of trade exists.
BALANCED
SCORECARD
A
Balanced Scorecard is a method of measuring and managing business performance
giving a balanced view of financial and operational perspectives to accelerate
the management process.
BALANCE OF
PAYMENTS
The
difference between what a country pays for its imports and receives for its
exports.
BALANCE
OF TRADE
The
difference between the money values of a country's visible imports and
exports.
BALANCE
SHEET
Financial
statement which shows a company's financial condition (amount of debits and
credits) on the last day of an accounting period.
BAR
CODE
A
combination of parallel lines of bars and spaces that communicate data about the
product or shipping container to which it is affixed. The data elements can be
read by an electronic scanner.
BASE YEAR
In the context of
processing time-dependent data such as costs or emissions, the base year is the
year selected for assembly of the raw input data. The base year may also serve
as the year from which projections of the base case are
made.
A rail wagon with a
demountable sub-frame, fitted with devices for vertical handling, to allow the
loading and unloading of semi-trailers or road vehicles.
The width of a
ship.
BELT
LINE
A switching railroad
operating within a port or
other
commercial area.
BENCHMARKING
The
benchmarking process measures a company's current operation profile against
other companies with similar operations that are considered to be
“best-in-class.”
A
place in which a vessel is moored or secured; place alongside a quay where a
ship loads or discharges cargo.
BERTHAGE
Charges
for the use of a berth.
BERTH
TERM
Shipped
under a rate that does not include the cost of loading or
unloading.
BILL OF EXCHANGE
A
written order instructing someone (usually an importer) to pay someone else
(usually an exporter) a certain sum on a given date.
BILL OF
LADING
A
document by which the Master of a ship acknowledges having received in good
order and condition (or the reverse) certain specified goods consigned to him by
some particular shipper, and binds himself to deliver them in similar condition,
unless the perils of the sea, fire or enemies prevent him, to the consignees of
the shippers at the point of destination on their paying him the stipulated
freight. A bill of lading specifies the name of the master, the port and
destination of the ship, the goods, the consignee, and the rate of freight.
BILL OF
MATERIAL
A
listing of all the subassemblies, parts and raw materials that go into the
parent assembly. It shows the quantity of each raw material required to make the
assembly.
BIMODAL
SEMI-TRAILER (RAIL-ROAD)
A road semi-trailer that
can be converted into a rail wagon by the addition of rail
bogies.
Port of a vessel’s initial
customs entry to any country; also known as first port of
call.
Port of a vessel’s initial customs entry to any country; also known as first port of call.
BREAK BULK
Loose, non-containerised
cargo stowed directly into a ship’s hold; to unload and distribute a portion or
all of the contents of a container.
Production
or sales volume at which a company covers its costs.
BROKER
A person who arranges for transportation of loads for a percentage of the revenue from the load.
A
financial operating plan showing expected income and
expenditure.
BUFFER
STOCK
A
quantity of goods or articles kept in storage to safeguard against unforeseen
shortages or demands.
BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFERT
(BOT)
A
form of concession wherein a private party or consortium agrees to finance,
construct, operate, and maintain a facility for a specified period and then
transfer the facility to a government or other public authority. The
concessionaire bears the commercial risk of operating the
facility.
BUILD-OWN-OPERATE
(BOO)
A form of project wherein a private party or consortium agrees to finance, construct, operate, and maintain a facility previously owned and/or operated by a public authority. The concessionaire retains ownership of the facility. The concessionaire bears the commercial risk of operating the facility.
Ship designed with a single
deck and holds for the bulk carriage of loose dry cargo of a homogenous
nature.
A purpose-designed berth or
mooring for handling liquid or dry commodities, in unpackaged bulk form, such as
oil, grain, ore, and coal. Bulk terminals typically are installed with
specialized cargo handling equipment such as pipelines, conveyors, pneumatic
evacuators, cranes with clamshell grabs, and rail lines to accommodate cargo
handling operations with ships or barges. Commodity-specific storage facilities
such as grain silos, petroleum storage tanks, and coal stock yards are also
located at these terminals.
All vessels designed to
carry bulk cargo such as grain, fertilizers, ore, and oil.
BUNKERS
Fuel used aboard
ships.
BUSINESS
LOGISTICS
Process of planning,
implementing and controlling the efficient and cost-effective flow and storage
of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information
from the point of origin to the point of consumption, for the purpose of
conforming to customer requirements (Council of Logistics Management's
definition). Therefore logistics includes the area both of material management
and physical distribution.
BUSINESS
PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO)
It
is
the procurement of particular services that involve ongoing outsourcing of
specific business processes. In certain industries, design, manufacturing,
inspection, and logistics may be outsourced. More recently, BPO has come
to include internal, “back-office” functions such as internal audit, finance,
billing, accounting and other operations support. BPO “front office”
functions may include customer relationship management, with sales, call centres
and fulfilment services.
BUSINESS
PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING (BPR)
A
systematic, disciplined improvement approach that critically examines, rethinks,
and redesigns, and implements the redesigned mission-delivery pro-cesses to
achieve dramatic improvements in performance in areas important to customers and
other stakeholders. BPR is also referred to by such terms as business process
improvement (BPI) or business process development, and business process
redesign.
BUSINESS TO
BUSINESS (B2B)
A business conducting
e-commerce with another business or businesses.
BUSINESS TO CONSUMER
(B2C)
A
business conducting e-commerce with a consumer or
consumers.
Transport between two terminals (a terminal of loading/embarkment and a terminal of unloading/disembarkment) located in the same country irrespective of the country in which the mode providing the service is registered.
Capital costs comprise
the consumption of fixed capital and interest payments, and usually represent a
high proportion of infrastructure costs. They differ from annual capital
expenditure that may or may not cover all the capital costs. If annual
expenditure is less, then the quality of the transport assets will
deteriorate.
CAPITALISM
Economic system based on
the private ownership of the means of production, distribution and
exchange.
CAPITAL RECOVERY FACTOR
A factor used to calculate
the annual capital costs of an project. A capital recovery factor may equally be
used to determine the equivalent annual cost of the stream of annual cash
outflows (i.e. the initial investment expenditure and the series of “net” annual
operating and maintenance costs) incurred over the useful life of an
project.
A barge equipped with tracks on which railroad cars are moved by water.
CARGO INTERCHANGE MESSAGE
PROCEDURES (IMP)
ATA/IATA Cargo Interchange
Message Procedures, developed by the Member Airlines of the Air Transport
Association of America and the International Air Transport
Association.
CARRIAGE
COLLECT
Freight
and charges be paid by the consignee.
CARRIAGE
PAID
Incoterm meaning that the
seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination.
However, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as of any cost
increases, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been
delivered into the custody of the first carrier and not at the ship's rail. The
term can be used for all modes of transport including multi-modal operations and
container or “roll on-roll off” traffic by trailer and ferries. When the seller
has to furnish a bill of lading, waybill or carrier's receipt, he duly fulfils
this obligation by presenting such a document issued by the person with whom he
has contracted for carriage to the named destination.
CARRIER
Any
person or entity who, through a
contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or procure the performance of
carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway, or by a combination of
modes.
CARTAGE
Intra-port
or local hauling of cargo by drays or trucks; also referred to as
drayage.
CATEGORY MANAGEMENT
The
management of product categories as strategic business units. The practice can
empower a category manager with full responsibility for the assortment
decisions, inventory levels, shelf-space allocation, promotions and buying. With
this authority and responsibility, the category manager may be able to judge
more accurately the consumer buying patterns, product sales and market trends of
that category. By emphasizing profits and sales for entire product groups rather
than individual items or brands category management can encourage a longer-term,
joint retailer-supplier focus in marketing and merchandising.
CEMAT
FS-controlled company
who manages the combined transports in Italy.
CFS/CFS
(PIER TO PIER)
The
term CFS/CFS refers to cargo delivered at origin in less-than-containerload
quantities to a container freight station (CFS) to be loaded into containers and
to be unloaded from the container at destination CFS.
CFS
CHARGE (CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION CHARGE)
The
charge assessed for services performed at the origin or destination for loading
or unloading of cargo into/from containers at a CFS.
CFS
RECEIVING SERVICE
The
service performed at the loading port in receiving and packing cargo into
containers from CFS to CY or shipside.
CHARTER
Originally
meant a flight where a shipper contracted hire of an aircraft from an air
carrier, but has usually come to mean any non-scheduled commercial
service.
CHASSIS
A
rectangular steel frame, supported by springs and wheeled axles constructed to
accept mounting of containers for over-the-road transport.
CITY
LOGISTICS
Urban
Logistics.
CITY LOGISTICS
CENTER
Logistic infrastructure
utilized for urban deliveries through light and low environmental impact
vehicles.
CLASSIFICATION
YARD
A
railroad yard with many tracks used for assembling freight
trains.
CLIENT-SERVER
A common form of distributed system in which software is split between server tasks and client tasks. A client sends requests to a server, according to some protocol, asking for information or action, and the server responds. This is analogous to a customer (client) who sends an order (request) on an order form to a supplier (server) who despatches the goods and an invoice (response). The order form and invoice are part of the protocol used to communicate in this case. There may be either one centralised server or several distributed ones. This model allows clients and servers to be placed independently on nodes in a network, possibly on different hardware and operating systems appropriate to their function, e.g. fast server/cheap client.
COLLECT
FREIGHT
Freight which is payable to
the carrier when the merchandise arrives at the port of discharge named in the
bill of lading.
COLLECTIVISM
Economic system in which
the means of production are owned by the state, which plans the economy, sets
prices and output levels, etc.
COMBINATION
VESSEL
A
type of ship that accommodates both container and break-bulk cargo. It can be
either self-sustaining or non-self sustaining. Also known as a
Container/Break-bulk Vessel.
COMBINED
TRANSPORT
Intermodal transport where
the major part of the European journey is by rail, inland waterways or sea and
any initial and/or final legs carried out by road are as short as
possible.
COMMON
CARRIER
A
transportation company that provides service to the general public at published
rates.
COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE
The element that makes one
company better than its competitors: a better product or service, lower prices
(due to economies of scale), etc.
CONCESSION
An arrangement whereby a
private party (concessionaire) leases assets from a public authority for an
extended period and has responsibility for financing specified new fixed
investments during the period and for providing specified services associated
with the assets; in return, the concessionaire receives specified revenues from
the operation of the assets; the assets revert to the public sector at
expiration of the contract.
CONFERENCE
An affiliation of
shipowners operating over the same route(s) who agree to charge uniform rates
and other terms of carriage. A conference is “closed” if one can enter only by
the consent of existing members of the conference. It is “open” if anyone can
enter by meeting certain technical and financial standards. Conference members
are common carriers.
Congestion arises when
traffic exceeds infrastructure capacity and the speed of traffic declines.
CONGESTION
COSTS
Congestion costs comprise
direct costs, including opportunity costs of time lost to third parties due to
delays, and social costs (e.g. environmental costs).
A
broad term used to identify user fees that are charged to manage traffic and
avoid congestion.
CONNECTIVITY
Physical
possibilities to use a transportation network in order to optimise the
realizable routes.
CONSIGNEE
The
individual or company to whom a seller or shipper sends merchandise and who,
upon presentation of necessary documents, is recognized as the merchandise owner
for the purpose of declaring and paying customs duties.
CONSIGNOR
A
term used to describe any person who consigns goods to himself or to another
party in a bill of lading or equivalent document. A consignor might be the owner
of the goods, or a freight forwarder who consigns goods on behalf of his
principal.
CONSIGNMENT
Freight sent under a single contract of carriage. In combined
transport, this term may be used for statistical purposes, to measure loading
units or road vehicles. The grouping together of several consignments into a
full load is called consolidation or groupage.
CONSIGNMENT
NOTE
Document prepared by the shipper and
comprising a transport contract. It contains details of the consignment to be
carried to the port of loading and it is signed by the inland carrier as proof
of receipt.
CONSOLIDATED
SHIPMENT
Also
called “groupage”, it is a method of shipping whereby an agent (freight
forwarder or consolidator) combines individual consignments from various
shippers into one shipment made to a destination agent, for the benefit of
preferential rates. The consolidation is then de-consolidated by the destination
agent into its original component consignments and made available to consignees.
Consolidation provides shippers access to better rates than would be otherwise
attainable.
CONSOLIDATION
The
grouping together of smaller consignments of goods into a large consignment for
carriage as a larger unit in order to obtain a reduced rate.
CONSOLIDATION
POINT
Location
where consolidation of consignments takes place.
CONSOLIDATOR
A
firm or company which consolidates cargo.
CONSTANT
PRICES
See real prices.
CONSUMER GOODS
A large standard size
stackable metal box into which cargo is packed for shipment aboard specially
configured oceangoing containerships and designed to be moved with common
handling equipment enabling high-speed intermodal transfers in economically
large units between ships, railcars, truck chassis, and barges using a minimum
of labor. The container, therefore, serves as the transfer unit rather than the
cargo contained therein.
CONTAINER
FREIGHT STATION (CFS)
An arrangement whereby a
private party (concessionaire) leases assets from a public authority for an
extended period and has responsibility for financing specified new fixed
investments during the period and for providing specified services associated
with the assets; in return, the concessionaire receives specified revenues from
the operation of the assets; the assets revert to the public sector at
expiration of the contract.
CONTAINER POOL
An
agreement between parties that allows the efficient use and supply of
containers; a common supply of containers available to the shipper as
required.
A cargo vessel designed
and constructed to transport, within specifically designed cells, portable tanks
and freight containers which are lifted on and off with their contents intact.
There are two types of containerships full and partial. Full containerships are
equipped with permanent container cells with little or no space for other types
of cargo. Partial containerships are considered multi-purpose container vessels,
where one or more but not all compartments are fitted with permanent container
cells, and the remaining compartments are used for other types of cargo. This
category also includes container/car carriers, container/rail car carriers, and
container/roll-on/roll-off vessels.
CONTAINERISATION
Refers to the increasing
and generalized use of the container as a means of freight transport. As a
standard and versatile means, the container has greatly contributed to
intermodal transportation of merchandise and its widespread use, therefore, is
responsible for profound mutations in the transport sector. Through reduction of
handling time, labor costs, and packing costs, container transportation allows
considerable increases in speed of rotation along a circuit and thus entails a
better optimization of time and money.
CONTAINER ON RAILROAD FLATCAR (COFC)
Container-based
land and maritime coordination of freight handling.
CONTAINER TERMINAL
An area designated for the
stowage of cargo in containers, usually accessible by truck, railroad, and
marine transportation, where containers are picked up, dropped off, maintained,
and housed.
CONTAINER
YARD
A materials
handling/storage facility used for completely unitized loads in containers
and/or empty containers.
CONTINUOUS REPLENISHMENT
(CRP)
The
practice of partnering between distribution channel members that changes the
traditional replenishment process from distributor-generated purchase orders,
based on economic order quantities, to the replenishment of products based on
actual and forecasted product demand.
CORNER
FITTING
Fixed points usually
located at the top and bottom corners of a container into which twistlocks or
other devices engage to enable the container to be lifted, stacked,
secured.
CORRIDOR
Broadly defined
transport connections that carry people and goods between two locations. Within
corridors there are specific transport links, for example road and rail
links.
CO-SOURCING
A strategic partnering
strategy which provides an alternative to a pure “make” or “buy” decision by establishing an
agreement where both parties exchange traditional and “non-traditional” assets,
both tangible and intangible, in fulfillment of the agreement.
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
(CBA)
An analysis of the benefits
and costs to society of some action. It aims to value benefits and costs in
monetary terms and provide a summary indication of the net
benefit.
The
cost curve is a graph of total costs of production as a function of total
quantity produced.
COST
DRIVER
A characteristic of any activity or event which results in a incurrence of costs by that activity.
COST INSURANCE FREIGHT
(CIF)
Cost including Insurance
and Freight is the value declared by the importer to Customs. It represents the
Free on Board (FOB) cost ex foreign ports, plus shipping and
insurance.
COST
RECOVERY
This is an approach to
infrastructure charging whereby fixed and variable costs are recovered in full
or in part.
CRANE
Conventional lifting crane where the load is suspended by cable via a
jib. The handling of ITUs requires the cable to be connected to the ITUs’
corners.
Cross-subsidization
involves supplying transport services to one group of consumers (users) at a
loss, which is made up by profits on services provided to other consumers
(users). It can be viewed as a particular way of allocating rents associated
with the transport activity.
CROSS-TRADE SEA
TRANSPORT
International
sea transport performed by a seagoing vessel registered in a third
country.
CURRENT
PRICES
See nominal prices.
A
marketing and fulfilment system that usually includes a call centre, data bases,
software and marketing strategy. Like ERP, CRM initiatives are complex,
involve redesign of internal business process and retraining. Successful
contracting for CRM outsourcing requires attention to business as well as
technology and legal issues.
Tailoring a product or
service to individual requirements.
A governmental body
authorized to regulate the movement of goods into and out of a country and to
collect import and export duties.
CUSTOMS
DUTIES
Taxes charged on most imports (except in customs unions or free trade areas like the European Union and NAFTA).
CUSTOMS HOUSE
The government office where
duties and/or tolls are placed on imports or exports and are paid on vehicles or
vessels entered or cleared.
CUT-OFF TIME (CLOSE
TIME)
The
latest time a container may be delivered to a terminal for loading to a
scheduled vessel, train, or truck.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(DBMS)
Software for data
warehousing and management.
Place
where loose or other non-containerised cargo is ungrouped for
delivery.
DEEP SEA MARITIME
TRANSPORT
Intercontinental transport of cargo by
sea.
DEFLATION
A decrease in the general
price level or an increase in the purchasing power of
money.
DELIVERED AT FRONTIER
(DAF)
Incoterm meaning that the seller's obligations are fulfilled when the goods have arrived at the frontier but before “the customs border” of the country named in the sales contract. The term is primarily intended to apply to goods by rail or road but is also used irrespective of the mode of transport.
DELIVERY DUTY PAID (DDP)
Title and risk pass to buyer when seller delivers goods to named destination point cleared for import. Used for any mode of transportation.
DEMURRAGE
The
delay of a vessel or detention of a shipment beyond the stipulated time allowed
for loading or unloading; the resulting payment to the owner for such delay or
detention.
DELOCALIZATION
The splitting of production
processes into separate parts that can be done in different locations, including
in different countries.
DEPRECIATION
Depreciation is an
accounting charge for the decline in value of an asset spread over its
life.
DEPRECIATION
CHARGE
Capital goods (e.g.
installed pollution abatement equipment) are typically used up over a period of
time. Each year, a portion of the usefulness of these assets expires, therefore
a portion of the original investment expenditure should be recognised as an
annual (capital) cost. The term depreciation refers to the systematic allocation
of the cost of an asset to expense over the accounting periods making up its
useful life.
DEREGULATION
The ending or relaxing of
legal regulations or restrictions in a particular industry
DISCOUNTED (CASH FLOW) NET
BENEFIT
The present value of
expected future net benefits.
DISCOUNT
FACTOR
The present value of a
single unit of currency received in the future (normally one year from now). If
the discount rate is r, then the discount factor is
1/(1+r).
DISCOUNT
RATE
The rate used to discount
future net benefits to their present value.
DISCOUNTING
The process of determining
the present value of future net benefits.
DISECONOMIES OF
SCALE
Diseconomies
of scale are like economies of
scale
but with the implication that they are negative, so larger scale would increase
cost per unit.
DISINTERMEDIATION
It
refers
to cutting out the middlemen in transactions.
DISPATCHING
The carrier activities
involved with controlling equipment; involves arranging for fuel, drivers,
crews, equipment, and terminal space.
DISPOSAL OF
GOODS
The
act of getting rid of goods.
DISPOSITIONING
All
activities relating to the inland movement of empty and or full
containers.
DISTRIBUTION
The
set of activities which ensure the availability of goods in the desired quality,
quantity, place and time for the customer.
DISTRIBUTION
CENTRE
A
warehouse for the receipt, the storage and the dispersal of goods among
customers. Synonym: Branch Warehouse.
DISTRIBUTION
MANAGEMENT
Outbound logistics, from
the end of the production line to the end user.
DISTRIBUTION
REQUIREMENT PLANNING (DRP-I)
The
function of determining the need to replenish stock at branch warehouses.
DISTRIBUTION
RESOURCE PLANNING (DRP-II)
The
set of concepts, procedures and techniques, being an extension of DRP-I, for the
effective planning and control of the physical distribution.
DISTRIPARK
Ultra-modern
cargo distribution complex that provides comprehensive warehousing facilities
within a Free Trade Zone.